Ok I will speak on the beekeeping side of this
Splitting hives, I believe most if not all beekeepers will split hives most years. The process involved is taking a few frames (2-5) of bees and brood. These are taken away from the parent hive. Set off somewhere else and given a new queen. If all things go well you have a new(small) hive. NOW, most beekeepers will split the STRONG hives for 2 reasons. 1. They will replace hives that died during winter etc.. 2. Strong hives need to be split by the beekeeper OR the hive will do it on its own (swarm).
Beekeepers prefer to make the split on there own, that way they can control timing and the amount of bees removed.
Splits like this are good, and don't effect productiion of either hive.
BUT if you had heavy losses (bee die off) in your apiary then you start to split EVERYONE, this hurts. Hives will not be up to the number of bees needed to make good honey crops. You can only recover so many losses in a given year. If you have lost so many that you really can't split your own then you have to purchase bees or packages this cost big $$$$ as anyone who has purchased bees knows.
OK here is the latest report from the bee mags:
Most have heard about the almonds in CA, and the HUGE number of hives needed for them. GUESS what happen this year, yet another perfect storm to kick beekeepers in the head.
The beekeepers have been following what is recommended to get there hive healthy, feeding heavy in the fall, treating(or checking) for mites, treating for nosema(both kinds), and lots of pollen substitute in the fall. The beekeepers did it hives are looking better there where more bees in CA this year then in past. But Ooooooooo here comes the storm. NO WATER!!!!!! Sure most have heard about the water shortage in CA. Almonds need water, and lots of it. So the farmers cancel contracts or just didn't get bees this year. They will let the orchard sit. The cost of nuts is also down. So needless to say there where alot of bees that made the trip out and didn't get to see that lovely almond bloom,
Hope this kinda answers your question.maybe